Synthetic-to-Real Code-Switched ASR: A Spontaneous Nepali-English Podcast Benchmark

Nepali-English code-switched conversational speech presents severe challenges for automatic speech recognition (ASR), chiefly through script confusion (inappropriate mixing of Devanagari and Latin orthography) and elevated error rates at language switch points. Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) can adapt multilingual foundation models, but human code-switched audio is expensive to collect and…

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